Abstract
Objectives : 1) Study to get antimicrobial natural agent from solvents extracts of fresh and dry stem of the Commiphora gileadensis 2) Evaluating the amount of genetic diversity among population of Commiphora gileadensis plants growing at south western part of Saudi Arabia by using RAPD-PCR, ISSR-PCR and mixed RAPD with ISSR biomarkers. 3) Estimating the phytocomponents and the amount of some soluble vitamins present in the stem of Commiphora gileadensis plants. 4) Associations between genetic diversity and chemical compounds in the stem using clustering methods. Methods: 1) Antimicrobial activities of diethyl ether, chloroform, hot water, acetone, cyclohexanone, methanol and dichloromethane extracts of fresh and dry stem of Commiphora gileadensis were examined by using the agar diffusion method test against Staphylococcus aureus، Klebsiella oxytoca، Shigella flexneri, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ،Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans. 2) The DNA was extracted from fresh young stem using commercial kit, DNeasy plant mini kit. 3) Ten RAPD primers, six ISSR primers and four mixed RAPD with ISSR primers were used to study the variation in DNA fingerprints pattern and genetic diversity among the four studied populations. 4) Estimation the phytocomponents and the amount of some soluble vitamins present in the stem of Commiphora gileadensis plants by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).F Results 1) There were variations in antimicrobial activities among tested diethyl ether, chloroform, hot water, acetone, cyclohexanone, methanol and dichloromethane extracts gained from dry stem and fresh of four populations of Commiphora gileadensis against tested human microbes 2) Primers varied in their ability to detect genetic variation among populations, whereas RAPD primers for the four Commiphora gileadensis genotypes showed 52 bands with an average of 5.2 fragments/primer, ISSR primers showed 29 bands with an average of 4.83 fragments/primer and mixed RAPD primers showed 17 bands with an average of 4.25 fragments/primer. 3) The result of using ISSR primers was 29 bands included 11 polymorphic bands, 5 solo bands and 13 unique bands. 4)The four mixed RAPD with ISSR tested primers revealed high polymorphic bands (52.9 %) than the polymorphic bands (37.9 %) which resulted of using six ISSR primers and the ten RAPD primers that showed high polymorphic bands (21.1 %). 5) The resulted dendrogram using Wards Euclidean method gained from RAPD, ISSR and mixed RAPD with ISSR primers showed different degree of converge among the studied populations. 6) The genetic similarity by using Binary-double zeros- Simple matching similarity coefficient based on RAPD primers found that the highest similarity was 79.31% between Tbala C and Tbala D populations based on ISSR primers. According to mixed RAPD with ISSR primers, the highest similarity value (64.71%) was between Tathleeth A and Tbala C populations. Based on RAPD primers was (73.08 %) between Tathleeth B and Tathleeth C. 7) The dendrogram that resulted from phytocomponents clearly distinguished out-group the highest cluster generated from Tathleeth A and Tbala D populations while the dendrogram which resulted from genetic variations and phytocomponents showed out-group Tathleeth B and the clade of Tathleeth A with Tbala C populations similarly as the dendrogram that generated from combined analysis RAPD, ISSR and mixed RAPD with ISSR markers. 8) Commiphora gileadensis plants growing in south western part of Saudi Arabia had various amount pf phytocomponents and vitamins B1, B12, B2 and folic acid that chracetrize each location. Conclusion: 1) Variation in the antimicrobial activities gained from stems of Commiphora gileadensis plant grown in south western part of Saudi Arabia indicates that this plant could be used as a promising antimicrobial from Saudi wildflower plants, also a justification for the beneficial use of this plant as a tooth brush. 2) Using biomarkers alone or in combination showed great genetic variation among Commiphora gileadensis plants. 3) The chemical compounds present in each population provide new taxonomic evidences and the beneficial uses of those compounds in various industrial fields.
